儿童颌面部创伤及家长对其认知的研究

The study of emergency facial trauma in children and parents' cognition on it

目的了解儿童颌面部创伤的特点及母亲对儿童颌面部创伤的认知程度。方法选择216例因颌面部创伤急诊就诊的儿童作为研究对象,从年龄分布、外伤原因、外伤地点、损伤部位及严重程度等方面进行分析;同时对患儿母亲进行问卷调查,了解其对颌面部创伤的认知程度和担心的预后因素。结果 216例颌面部创伤患儿的男女比例为1.4∶1,1-6岁是颌面部创伤的好发年龄;创伤的主要原因是跌落（占83.33%）,以软组织损伤最多（占63.43%）,牙齿损伤次之（31.94%）,颌骨骨折等严重损伤较少;50.00%的创伤发生于家中;97.22%的母亲对儿童颌面部创伤知识不了解,69.44%的母亲认为创伤可以避免;母亲的文化程度与患儿的受伤次数有相关性（掊2=18.16,P〈0.05）。结论母亲对儿童颌面部创伤的知识缺乏是导致儿童发生颌面部创伤的重要原因之一;应加强预防儿童颌面部创伤的健康教育宣传,防止意外的发生。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of emergency facial trauma in children and mother′ s cognition on it. Methods Descriptive analysis was undertaken for 216 children with maxillofacial trauma. The analysis included age distributions of the children, reasons and places for the trauma, and positions and severity degrees of the trauma. The questionnaires were carried out for the patients′ mothers, to understand the cognition degrees and prognosis factors. Results Most of the patients with facial trauma were aged 1-6, with the male and female ratio of 1.4∶1. Falls were the leading cause for the maxillofacial injuries（83.33%）. The most common types of injury were the soft tissue injuries（63.43%） and the teeth injuries（31.94%）, the jaw fractures were least. 50.00% accidents occurred at home. 97.22% mothers had no knowledge of the facial injuries in children. 69.44% mothers thought it avoidable. It were relevant between mothers′ educations and injuries times（χ^2=18.16, P〈0.05）. Conclusion Mothers lack the knowledge is one of the most important reasons for the maxillofacial injuries in children. Propaganda should be increased among them to reduce risks of maxillofacial injuries.