职业潜水员认知品质特点的调查与分析

Cognitive quality of professional divers

目的探讨职业潜水员的认知品质特征。方法选取职业潜水员165人，以普通人群230人、49名海员、66名潜水学员为对照组，运用《瑞文标准推理测验》（中国城市版成年组）、《80．8神经类型测试表》、注意集中检测仪、动作稳定检测仪等量表或仪器进行测试。结果不同年龄组潜水员神经活动类型、场独立性、动作稳定、反应时、记忆广度、空间知觉、注意集中、暗适应等认知指标的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），不同学历、工龄的潜水员认知能力水平的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；潜水员的深度知觉、场独立性、注意集中、空间知觉、暗适应成绩明显优于普通人群，而在智力等级、记忆广度指标的成绩明显低于普通人群，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。潜水员神经活动类型、深度知觉、动觉记忆、场独立性、记忆广度、空间知觉、暗适应等指标与海员比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。潜水员神经活动类型、场独立性、注意集中、动作稳定、空间知觉等认知指标明显优于潜水学员，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论潜水职业需要具备特定的认知素质，同时潜水职业也影响着潜水员的认知能力。

Objective To explore and analyze the cognitive quality of professional divers. Methods 165 professional divers were tested with Raven＇s Standard Progressive Matrices （SPM）, 80.8 Neural Type Measuring Form, etc. with 230 common people, 49 sailors and 66 trainee divers as control. Results There were significant difference among professional divers of different ages in the type of nerve activity, cognitive style, action stability, memory span, time reaction, the perception of space, act of attention and dark adaptation （P〈0.05）; Over all, the cognitive quality of professional divers did not differ significantly in education level or working years （P〈0.05）;Professional divers were superior to the common people in depth perception, cognitive style, act of attention, action stability, the perception of space and dark adaptation, but inferior to them in in- telligence, memory span and time reaction （P〈0.05）; There were significant difference in such cognitive indicators as the type of nerve activity, depth perception, kinesthetic memory, cognitive style, the perception of space and dark adaptation （P〈0.05）;Compared with the trainee divers, professional divers were significantly better in the type of nerve activity, cognitive style, act of attention, action stability and the perception of space （P〈0.05）. Conclusion As a specified profession, diving needs some particular cognitive quality, while the profession itself would affect professional divers＇ cognitive ability to a certain extent.