大肠杆菌分解代谢产物阻遏效应研究进展

Advances in mechanism of Escherichia coli carbon catabolite repression

细菌在多种碳源共存的环境中优先利用一种(通常是葡萄糖)的现象被称为分解代谢产物阻遏效应。国内现有分子生物学及相关课程教材普遍对该效应的机理解释不清甚至给出错误的解释。大肠杆菌葡萄糖-乳糖分解代谢产物阻遏效应产生的根本原因不是胞内葡萄糖的存在,而是葡萄糖经PTS(Phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydratephosphotransferase system)系统向胞内运输同时藕联磷酸化的过程。磷酸向葡萄糖的传递导致PTS关键组分EⅡAGlc去磷酸化形式的积累。该形式的EⅡAGlc可以与质膜上本底表达的乳糖透性酶LacY结合,阻止诱导物乳糖的吸收。cAMP的影响也是通过激活参与PTS系统的关键基因而加强了诱导物排斥作用。此外,去磷酸化形式的EⅡBGlc和YeeⅠ对全局性转录阻遏蛋白Mlc活性的抑制也保证了PTS系统关键组分蛋白的基因表达。文章综述了近年来有关大肠杆菌分解代谢产物阻遏效应机理的最新研究进展,并对相关教材有关这一内容的阐述提出了修改建议。

Bacteria often sequentially utilize coexisting carbohydrates in environment and firstly select the one （frequently glucose） easiest to metabolize. This phenomenon is known as carbon catabolite repression （CCR）. In existing Chinese teaching materials of molecular biology and related courses, unclear or even wrong interpretations are given about CCR mechanism. A large number of studies have shown that rather than the existence of intracellular glucose, CCR is mainly caused by the glucose transport process coupling with glucose phosphorylation via the phosphoenolpyruvate： car bohydrate phosphotransferase system PTS. The transport process leads to accumulation of dephosphorylated form of E Ⅱ AGlc.This form of E Ⅱ AGlc can bind the membrane-localized LacY protein to block the uptake of lactose inducer. cAMP functions in activation of key genes involved in PTS system to strengthen the role of inducer exclusion. In addition, dephosphorylated form of E Ⅱ BGlc and YeeⅠ bind global transcription repressor Mlc to ensure the expression of key genes involved in the PTS system. This review summarizes the current advancement in mechanism of Escherichia coli carbon catabolite repression.