单蒴盖亚属桉树引种及其生物地理学意义

SPECIES INTRODUCTION OF MONOCALYPTUS TO SOUTHWESTERN CHINA AND ITS BIOGEOGRAPHIC IMPLICATIONS

单蒴盖亚属（Ｍｏｎｏｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓ）是桉树属（ＥｕｃａｌｙｐｔｕｓＬ’Ｈｅｒｉｔｉｅｒ）中第２大的亚属，包括１３４种和９亚种。单蒴盖亚属桉树引种具有很重要的生物地理学意义。１９９０年在云南一平浪林场建立的树种试验，包括王桉（Ｅ．ｒｅｇｎａｎｓ）、斜叶桉（Ｅ．ｏｂｌｉｑｕａ）、大桉（Ｅ．ｄｅｌｅｇａｔｅｎｓｉｓ）、滨河白桉（Ｅ．ｅｌａｔａ）、白腊树桉（Ｅ．ｆｒａｘｉｎｏｉｄｅｓ）、雪桉（Ｅ．ｐａｕｃｉｆｌｏｒａ）、三花桉（Ｅ．ｔｒｉｆｌｏｒａ）、高桉（Ｅ．ｆａｓｔｉｇａｔａ）、布达王桉（Ｅ．ｄｅｎｄｒｏｍｏｒｐｈａ）和缪勒纤皮桉（Ｅ．ｍｕｅｌｅｒａｎａ）。生长量超过同期种植的蓝桉（Ｅ．ｇｌｏｂｕｌｕｓ）。试验规模不大，但具有重要的生态植物地理指示意义。除气候条件比较适宜外，还可能因为试验地前作为云南松，土壤微生物群落比较丰富，尤其是彩色豆马勃（Ｐｉｓｏｌｉｔｈｕｓ）。

Monocalyptus is a subgenus, the second largest in the genus Eucalyptus L'Hetitier, including 134 species and 9 subspecies. The species transfer of Monocalyptus is of great significance in ecophytogeography. A species elimination test was established in Yipinglang Forest Farm, Yunna Province, China with 11 species of Monocalyptus. 7-year results showed that E.regnans, E.obliqua, E.delegatensis, E.elata, E.fraxinoides, E.triflora, E.fastigata, E.dendromorpha and E.muelleriana were adapted to the local environments and very promising in growth rates in comparison with E.globulus planted at adjacent plots at the same time. A conclusion could be drawn from the trial that site selection would be essential for successfully planting Monocalyptus , the temperature regime be more critical for the species transfer of Monocalyptus than that of precipitation.