北京地区舞毒蛾天敌昆虫及其自然控制研究

STUDIES ON INSECT NATURAL ENEMY DIVERSITY OF GYPSY MONTH AND THEIR ROLE IN NATURAL CONTROL OF THE PEST (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE) IN BEIJING AREA

１９９６～１９９７年在北京地区进行了调查，通过采集舞毒蛾在室内饲养，共得到舞毒蛾天敌昆虫２３种，其中寄生性昆虫１７种，捕食性昆虫６种。卵期天敌有大蛾卵跳小蜂、舞毒蛾卵平腹小蜂；采集地最高寄生率为５２％～１０９％。幼虫期天敌有绒茧蜂、斑痣悬茧蜂、寄蝇类等；７个采集地平均寄生率为９５５％。蛹期天敌有寄蝇类、广大腿小蜂、舞毒蛾黑瘤姬蜂、脊腿囊爪姬蜂等；７个采集地平均寄生率为１９０８％，不包括捕食性天敌昆虫捕食和病毒致死率，在舞毒蛾卵－蛹期，累计约有３０１％的个体被寄生性天敌昆虫寄生而致死。

An investigation on insect natural enemies of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera:Lymantridae) was carried out in 1996 and 1997. Totally 23 species of the natural enemies were gotten, of which 17 species are parasitoids and 6 predators. Two egg parasitoid species made a parasitism of 5.2%～10.9% and Ooencyrtus kuvanae (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was the dominant species. The dominant larval parasitoid species were Meteorus pulchricornis, Glyptapanteles liparidis, Apanteles sp. (Hymenoptera:Braconidae), Phobocampe lymantriae, Casinaria nigripes (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), The larval parasitoids could parasitize the pest with an average parasitism of 9.55% and kill them later. The pupal parasitoids had a parasitism of 19.08%, these contain the 5 larval pupal parasitoids of tachinidae (Diptera): Exorista rossica, E.japonica, parasetlgena silvestris, Compsilure concinnata, Palexorista laconspicua and the real pupal parasitoids: Coccygomimus disparis, Theronia atalantae gestator (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Brachymeria lasus (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) and Tetrastichus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Altogether, about 30.1% of the gypsy moth individuals were killed by natural enemies from egg to pupal stage. These data showed that the natural enemies played an important role in controlling the population of gypsy moth.