价值普遍主义的冲动及其限度:以“平等”为例

The Impulse of Value Universalism and Its Boundary:Equality as an Example

在理性主义传统中,价值观念本来就应是可以普遍化的。传统儒学只蕴涵了有限的价值普遍主义,并在近代发生了变化。古代儒家只有"相同性的平等",而现代性的价值观则强调"公正的平等"。平等主义与普遍主义处于同一个现代性观念谱系之中,"平等"表现出强烈的普遍主义冲动,但其实现却受到历史文化的制约,因而总是表现为特殊的。现代性价值处于一种自我反驳的状况,而这种矛盾只有在实践中才能获得理解和解决。现代生产方式和社会关系给平等注入了"不知足"的动力,而东亚社会在处理地位、特权和权威等时所表现出来的特殊性,在其现代化的过程中也发生了显著变化。

In the traditional rationalism values should be universal. Ancient Confucianism emphasizes the ＂Same Equality＂ ,but modern values emphasize the ＂Justice Equality＂. ＂Equality＂ gives us a universal impulse,but its realization is restrained by history and culture,which is special in its performance. Modern value is in the self-contradiction,which can be understood and solved in practice. Modern production method and social relationship give equality a kind of dynamics of ＂Without Satisfaction＂ and some changes have taken place in dealing with status,privilege,authority in East Asian society.