罗马共和政体衰亡原因新解

古代世界各文明转型时期的历史是史学界关注的重要问题。本专题从不同的角度对古希腊、罗马等若干转型时期的历史现象进行讨论,以进一步深化对历史发展规律和特点的认识。王大庆分析了希腊城邦向帝国时代转型面临的困境与趋势,指出陷入危机的希腊城邦并不具备像共和末期的罗马那样建立帝国的条件和动力。杨共乐分析了经济因素在罗马由共和政体向元首政体转变过程中的作用,指出政体的变革与经济发展之间的密切关系。刘林海分析了罗马帝国后期的"永恒的罗马"的观念,指出虽然"永恒的罗马"的观念并没有随着罗马的衰亡而消失,甚至有所强化,但其具体表现形式却随着现实的变化而有所调整。这种调整是与罗马历史传统的封闭性和开放性特点相一致的。

This paper discusses some turns of civilization of ancientGreece and Rome in differ-ent angles so as to have a further understanding of rules and characteristics of historical development.Wang Da-qing thinks thatthe city-states of ancientGreece in crisis had no conditions and dynamics forestablishing an empire like Rome at the end of republic. Yang Le-gong analyzes the role of economicfactor in the period fromrepublic to monarch in Rome. Liu Lin-hai analyzes the idea of 'eternal Rome' in the late Rome and points out that this idea does not disappear with the end of Rome.