北京地区放射事故风险评估与控制

Risk assessment and control of radiation accident in Beijing

目的掌握北京地区放射事故风险的基本状况,确定放射事故风险水平,研究风险防控措施,控制事故发生。方法通过现场调查、信息检索、经验与放射事故史料分析,依照风险评估与控制程序进行相关研究。结果 （1）北京地区放射事故风险来源于物和人两大因素,覆盖全市范围;物的因素为各种静态与动态辐射源,1 400余个单位涉有放射源、射线装置及流通的密封源、放射性货包;人的因素主要为本地区10%~30%的涉源人员未经培训。（2）针对本地区放射事故的发生概率和严重程度,确定出13类放射事故风险,其风险指数分布在36~76之间,其中极严重风险1个,高危险度风险11个,中危险度风险1个。（3）根据风险来源、类别和水平研究制订出有针对性的放射事故风险防控策略。结论北京地区放射事故风险因素种类多、来源复杂、分布广,风险控制的难度大,评估确定不同类别放射事故风险级别、制订相应的风险防控对策,对于维护首都的放射防护安全和社会稳定具有深远的战略意义。

Objective To comprehend the basic situation on the risk of radiation accident in Beijing,determine the risk level,explore the control measure of the accident,thereby prevent its occurrence.Methods According to the risk assessment and control sequence,a series of studies as field investigation,information retrieval,radiation accident data analysis were employed in this study.Results The results showed that the radiation accident risk in Beijing mainly come from object and person which spread all over the city.The object factor includes the static and dynamic radiant points,such as radiation sources,radiological apparatus in 1400 units,as well as the current sealed radiation sources and radioactive goods;the person factor related to 10%—30% untrained radiation workers.On the basis of the probability and the severity of radiation accident occurred in Beijing,13 radiation accidents risk indices varied from 36 to 76 were ascertained,in which 1 was most dangerous risk,11 were high dangerous risks and 1 was middle dangerous risk.Then,the prevention and control measures were proposed according to the study results mentioned above.Conclusions The results suggested that the control of radiation accident risk in Beijing is difficult because of the various kinds of radioactive source and their extensive distribution.Therefore,it is also more important pertinently working out the corresponding risk control and prevention measure via accurate risk assessment and classification of radiation accident.