新疆哈萨克族7～18岁中小学生身高分布调查

The body height distribution on Kazak primary and middle school students aged 7～18 years

目的了解哈萨克族7~18岁中小学生身高分布状况,为哈萨克族（哈族）中小学生卫生保健工作提供依据。方法采取横断面调查研究,在阿勒泰市及其所属乡镇的中小学里,用整群随机抽样方法抽取4所学校（共49个班级）。采集了7~18岁中小学生共2 493人（男生1 161例、女生1 332例）性别、出生年月资料;根据《学生体质健康标准》的操作方法测量身高。结果 7~18岁哈族男生的平均身高为（149.65±19.17）cm,身高增长了50.28 cm。哈族女生平均身高为（146.63±15.60）cm,增长了37.92 cm。与7~18岁维、汉族中小学生比较,哈族学生身高均值高于维族学生身高均值,在14岁之前低于汉族学生,之后哈族学生身高生长速度加快,接近汉族学生身高。哈、维、汉族男生生长突增分别发生在13~15、12~14、12~14岁。女生突增均发生在11~13岁。三个民族男女生生长曲线的交叉现象,哈族在10~11岁之间第一次交叉,12~13岁之间第二次交叉。汉族、维族男女生生长曲线在9~10岁之间第一次交叉,11~12岁之间第二次交叉。结论生长突增期和男女生长曲线的交叉哈族学生都比维、汉中小学生晚一年发生。

Objective To provide baseline and reference data on the body height distribution of Kazak primary and middle school students aged 7~18,and offer information for health protection on adolescent.Methods The Kazaks Baseline Survey was cross-sectional study,conducted in Altai urban and rural of Altai city,using random group sampling to selected 4 schools（a total of 49class）.Overall 2393 individuals（1 161 boys and 1 332 girls）,gender,birth and height were measured.Height measuring was based on the Student＇s Physical Health Criteria.Before the survey,all of the survey members were trained by the centralized standards,and the instruments of height measuring were according with the demand and adjusted.Results The mean heights of boys were（149.65±19.17） cm,increased 50.28 cm.The mean heights of girls were（146.63±15.60） cm,increased 37.92 cm.Compared with Han and Uygur primary and middle school students aged 7~18 years,the Kazak students were bigger than Uygur boys students and shorter than Han students before 14 years old,but higher than later aged 14 years.Boys growth spurting of Kazak,Uygur and Han students were 13~15,12~14,12~14 years old,grils growth spurting of Kazak,Uygur and Han students were 11~13 years old.There were two crosses on growth curve of boys and girls.The Kazak were first time crossed on 10~11 years old and second time crossed on 12~13 years old,Uygur and Han were first time crossed on 9~10 years old and second time crossed on 11~12 years old.Conclusion Peak of height spurt and two crosses on growth curve of boys and girls were one year later than Uygur and Han students.