公共产品:边界迷局及其破解

Public Goods:Boundary Puzzle and its Solution

萨缪尔森对公共产品的定义使公共产品的理论走向科学化,但过分的概念科学化使其陷入自己设定的边界迷局而不能自拔。阿特金森和斯蒂格利茨、布坎南、巴泽尔及蒂布特的公共产品理论及对公共产品进行边界划分的依据依然存在缺陷,无法真正走出公共产品的边界迷局。只有从公民生存发展的需求程度、市场的满足程度和资源的支持程度这些最根本的问题来寻找公共产品边界划分的依据,才能真正解决公共产品的边界迷局。影响公共产品边界生成的变量主要有:与人民生命、财产的相关程度及危险危害程度;市场供给的难度和成本;资源稀缺程度。

Samuelson＇s definition to public product made the theory of public product scientization, while too much scientific concept made it into boundary puzzle setting by itself to free itself. Atkinson, Stiglitz, Buchanan, Barzel and Stibbe＇s public goods theory and their demarcations dividing the boundary of public product still had defect and cannot really go out of the boundary puzzle of public goods. Only from the angle of the most fundamental issues such as demand degree of the survival and develop- ment of the citizens, the extent of meeting the demand of market, the extent of support by resources, to seek the demarcation dividing public product boundary, we could really solve the boundary puzzle of public goods. Variables affecting the generation of public product boundary included the degree of relevance to people＇s life and property and degree of dangerous hazards, difficulties and costs of market supply and degree of resource scarcity.