深圳福田红树林底栖纤毛虫的群落生态学

Community Ecology of Benthic Ciliates in Futian Mangroves,Shenzhen,China

利用活体观察和蛋白银染色方法,对深圳福田红树林鸟类自然保护区内底栖纤毛虫的群落结构进行了研究,包括底栖纤毛虫的种类组成、丰度、优势类群及物种的多样性分析.共观察到隶属于3纲11目24属的土壤纤毛虫44种.统计结果表明,主要优势类群为肾形目(Colpodida)和下毛目(Hypotrichida)的种类,分别占纤毛虫总种类数的45.45%和18.18%.丰度的最高值出现于6月的高潮带,每克风干土壤中的个体数达到60534个;最低值出现于12月的低潮带,每克风干土壤中的个体数为7795个.各个潮间带的Margalef多样性指数介于0.73～2.19之间.丰度与土壤理化因子的相关性分析表明,各理化因子对底栖纤毛虫数量的影响不具显著性.此外,原生动物群落的各结构功能参数反映了其栖息地的环境状况.

To investigate the ecological characteristics of benthic ciliates and enrich information on the benthic biota of the Futian Mangroves Birds National Nature Reserve,Shenzhen,China,the community structure of ciliates was investigated with qualitative and quantitative analyses.The species composition,abundance,dominance and species diversity were comparatively analyzed.Totally,44 species of benthic ciliates,belonging to 24 genera of 11 orders in 3 classes,were identified in all air-dried soil samples.The fi rst dominant group was Colpodida,followed by Hypotrichida,with dominance of 45.45% and 18.18%,respectively.The highest abundance of benthic ciliates appeared at the high tideland in June,reaching 60 534 ind g-1;the lowest at the low tideland in December,with 7 795 ind g-1.Margalef＇s biodiversity index ranged from 0.73 to 2.19.Statistical analyses showed that physicochemical factor had no significant effect on benthic ciliate abundance in the present study.The structural and functional parameters of the benthic ciliate communities in this wetland implied the environmental status.