滇南勐腊地区威氏小鼷鹿种群生境利用

Habitat Use of Williamson’s Mouse-deer (Tragulus williamsoni) in Mengla Area, Southern Yunnan

以样线与样方相结合,2007年6-12月在滇南勐腊地区的勐满和龙门片收集威氏小鼷鹿(Tragulus williamsoni)足迹链坐标位点,用GIS软件生成威氏小鼷鹿的分布格局图。在样方中测量11个生态因子。结果显示,威氏小鼷鹿对低海拔的河谷浅滩地带有明显的选择偏好,主要聚集在勐满片的三岔河地区和龙门片的大榕树地区。比较利用和可利用样方的定性因子,分析结果表明,威氏小鼷鹿偏好在中、下坡位活动,对粗叶榕(Ficus hirta)、木奶果(Baccaurea samiflora)、长柄山姜(Alpinia kwangsiensis)和柊叶(Phrynium capitatum)等植物有选择偏好。这些植物多沿河谷的两岸集中分布,是影响威氏小鼷鹿分布格局的重要原因之一。比较利用样方和可利用样方的定量因子,分析结果表明,乔木盖度、灌木盖度、落叶层盖度和距水源距离等4个因子差异显著,并且是区分利用样方和可利用样方的关键因子,也是影响小鼷鹿生境利用的主要因子。高密度的灌木和高大乔木形成双重的隐蔽条件,大大提高了安全性。由于距水源较近,乔木层及林下灌层生长状况较高海拔地区更为茂密,这是小鼷鹿在勐腊地区形成沿海拔较低的河岸集中分布格局的重要原因之一。

Combining line-transect method and sampling method, the geographic coordinates of footprint links for Williamson’s Mouse-deer （Tragulus williamsoni） were collected in Mengman and Longmen regions of Mengla area, southern Yunnan, from June to December 2007. A distribution pattern map of the mouse-deer was produced by GIS software. Eleven ecological factors were measured in collected and available samples. The results indicated that the mouse-deer preferred valleys along banks of rivers or streams in low altitude, and were mainly distributed in Sanchahe of Mengman region and Darongshu of Longmen region. Comparing nominal factors between collected and available samples, the results showed that the mouse-deer tended to inhabit middle and lower slopes and favored the plant species of Ficus hirtal, Baccaurea samiflora, Alpinia kwangsiensis and Phrynium capitatum. These plants occur along banks of rivers or streams, one of the important reasons affecting distribution of the mouse-deer populations. Comparing quantitative factors between collected and available samples, the results showed that four factors including tall tree coverage, shrub coverage and herb coverage, and distance to water, were significantly different. These four factors were key in discriminating collected and available samples and main factors affecting the habitat use of the mouse-deer. The dense shrub with taller trees could form good shady condition for the mouse-deer, and greatly strengthen their security. Due to their preference for areas near water, there were more flourishing tall trees and dense shrubs at valleys in low altitude, which was one of important reasons affecting the distribution of the mouse-deer populations massing in valleys in low altitude.