人缝匠肌肌内神经、肌梭分布和神经入肌点定位

Distribution of intramuscular nerves and muscle spindles and the nerve entering point in human sartorius

目的：观察人缝匠肌肌内神经分支分布；肌梭的分布部位、范围及密度，分析肌梭与肌内神经分布间的功能联系；测定神经入肌点，为临床外科提供肌形态学资料。方法：用大体解剖法观察20具尸体缝匠肌的形态学特点，并以髂前上棘为骨性标志，定位缝匠肌神经入肌点；用组织学H—E染色法研究5具尸体缝匠肌肌梭分布；用改良Sihler’s肌内神经染色法，探讨10具尸体缝匠肌肌内神经分支分布。结果：缝匠肌是1块由长肌束平行排列构成的带状肌。缝匠肌有2支1级神经支支配，发出分支支配肌的上、中和下部。缝匠肌的神经人肌点距髂前上棘（9．75±1．30）cm。结论：缝匠肌有2支一级神经支支配，神经支配有一定的区域性；缝匠肌肌内神经的分支分布与肌构筑学特点有关；缝匠肌的上部比中部和下部肌梭密度高；缝匠肌的神经入肌点集中在股前部上2／5区内。

Objective： To provide a morphologic basis for clinical application by determining the pattern of intramuscular nerve branch and muscle spindles within sartorius and by measuring the nerve entering point to the muscle. Methods： Mor- phological character of sartorius was studied by using the gross-anatomy from 20 human adult cadavers. The location of the nerve entering point to muscle was measured by the sign of anterior superior iliac spine. H-E staining technique and stereology method were used to study the muscle spindle distribution of 10 sides adult cadaver specimens. Modified Sihler＇s neural staining technique was used to observe the intramuscular nerve branch pattern in 5 adult and 5 children cadavers. Results： Sartorius was a kind of ribbon muscle which was composed of long fascicle. Sartorius had 2 primary branches entered the muscle and branched into several secondary branches which distributed to the superior portion and medial inferior portion, respectively. The nerve entering point in human sartorius laid （9.75±1.30） cm below anterior superior iliac spine. Conclusion： Sartorius had two primary branches distributed to a certain region. The intramuscular nerve branch pattern had a close relation with the characteristic of the muscular architecture. The muscle spindle density of superior portion in sartorius was higher than that of the middle and inferior portion. The nerve entering point in human sartorius centralized mainly in the superior 2/5 of the thigh.