“居住证”离户籍有多远?——基于广东地区的分析兼与上海比较

How Far Away is the Residence Permit from the Hukou Status in China:A Comparison between Guangdong and Shanghai

"居住证转办常住户口"已经成为一些地区的经验做法。基于户籍身份限制,广东地区流动人口与户籍人口的社会资源分配及福利存在一定差异,居住证时代对流动人口的公共服务将有所加强。"居住证转办模式"是由城市福利和承载力供需矛盾产生的审批和筛选机制,地区之间在户籍改革中是一种博弈关系。广东"居住证转办模式"的门槛和标准应该结合城市化目标和"双转移"战略,依城市类型和规模大小梯度设置,让居住证制度成为城市人口服务和管理工作的有效工具。

Hukou in China is an important social status term which provides with many public social welfare. At present, many areas in China started to adopt residence permit system and promise for those who have such governmental permit and reaching certain conditions can have the local Hukou and equally enjoy the social welfares only providing for the local people with Hukou. In Guangdong, because of the Hukou status, there are not small differences in the social welfares between the floating population and the local people with hukou, though the new residence permit system has great improvement in providing for those floating population. The author thinks the entering mechanism of the residence permit into Hukou is a selective mechanism with the present limited capability of social welfare. The Hukou System reforms in different areas are somewhat a game playing among them. In Guangdong, The threshold and criterion into the hukou status should be set up in terms of Guangdong＇s urbanization target and the Two transfer （industrial and labor） Strategy as well as the city＇s type and size, and finally make the residence permit system be a useful mechanism for the public service and administration of Guagndong＇s urban population.