日本公共教育支出结构的特征及其借鉴

Structure of Japan's Public Education Expenditure and the Implications

教育,尤其是基础教育所具有的公共产品属性,决定了政府在教育发展过程中必须承担主要责任。政府公共教育支出规模是否适当,公共教育支出结构是否合理,直接决定了一个国家公民的受教育水平和人力资源素质。战后日本经济迅速腾飞,与其在教育财政方面的巨大投入以及在教育资源方面的合理配置密不可分。日本政府在处理教育支出增长速度与国民经济增长速度、基础教育支出与高等教育支出结构、公共教育支出与私人教育支出比例等一系列两难关系上所取得的成功经验,非常值得我们借鉴。

Education, especially elementary education, is a public good which requires government involvement. Proper scale and structure of education expenditure directly determine the national educational level and the quality of human resources. Japan＇s post - war economic miracle is a result of the tremendous financial input and the effective alignment of educational resources. Japanese government has gained successful experience in solving a series of dilemma problems including the growth rates of educational expenditure relative to economic growth, the expenditure structure of elementary and higher education, and the relative proportion of public and private education. The Japanese experiences have important implications.