地理信息系统的应用状况及发展趋势浅析

Application and Development Trends of Geographic Information System

地理信息系统（GIS），自20世纪60年代开始发展，是以采集、存储、管理、分析、显示和应用于空间和地理分布有关的数据的计算机系统。是现代分析和处理海量地理数据的一种重要技术。本文对地理信息系统的基本概念及特征进行了简要介绍，概括介绍了地理信息系统在矿产资源调查与评价、灾害监测与评估、城市规划及城市建设、建立基础地学信息数据库、编制地学图件、土地及土壤评价、水利及水文研究、农作物估产，市场营销等方面的应用，简要分析了地理信息系统的未来发展趋势。

Geographic Information System （GIS） was developed since 1960s. It is a computer system used for data collection, storage, management, analysis, display and application. It is related to the distribution of space and geography. Now it has been an important technology for analyzing the massive geographic data. In this paper, basic concepts and features of GIS are introduced in brief. Application for the investigation and evaluation of mineral sources, disaster monitoring and assessment, urban planning and construction, establishment of basic geoscience databases, establishment of geological maps, evaluation of land and soil sources, research on water conservancy and hydrology, and appraisal of crops and the marketing, are all coneluded simultaneously. Analysis in development trend of GIS is also briefly discussed.