2,4-二硝基咪唑有机胺盐合成与性能

Synthesis and Properties of 2,4-Dinitroimidazole (2,4-DNI) Salts

以2,4-二硝基咪唑(2,4-DNI)为原料,合成了2,4-DNI的胍盐(GDNI)、三氨基胍盐(TAGDNI)、脒基脲盐(GUDNI)、肼盐(HDNI)等四种新化合物,收率分别为87.2%、67.5%、67.7%、96.6%,并用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析等方法鉴定了结构。测试了GDNI、TAGDNI、GUDNI、HDNI热安定性、密度与燃烧热,计算了生成焓、爆速、爆压参数。结果表明:TAGDNI具有较高的生成焓、爆速和爆压,分别为623.36 kJ.mol-1、8948.68 m.s-1和34.57 GPa,其特性落高为125 cm(2 kg落锤)。

Using 2,4-dinitroimidazole（2,4-DNI） and organic amines as starting materials,four new salts,i.e.ADNI（A=guanidine,triaminoguanidine,gunanyl urea,and hydrazine）,were synthezised with yield of 87.2%,67.5%,67.7% and 96.6% respectively.The resulting salts structures were identified with FTIR,NMR and elemental analysis.The authors measured density,melting point,thermal stability,combustion heat,impact and friction sensitivity,and calculated formation enthalpy,detonation velocity and detonation pressure for all the salts（not including hydrazine）.They exhibit relatively higher energy level,lower sensitivity,and better thermal stability.Among them,TAGDNI may be promising in applications to propellants with low signals,as a substitute for partial ammonium perchlorate（AP）.Results show that TAGDNI has higher enthalpy of formation（623.36 kJ·mol^-1）,detonation velocity（8948.68 m·s^-1）,and detonation pressure（34.57 GPa）,and its characteristic height（H50） is 125 cm（2 kg hammer）.