核桃嫁接成活因子探讨

Discuss on Grafting Survival Factor of Juglans regia L.

核桃是巴东县二高山以上地区发展最好的经济树种之一,而因本地区核桃品种混杂、嫁接成活率不高,投入成本高,生产技术相对滞后。为了节约成本,提高嫁接成活率,培育出农民满意的优质嫁接苗。从砧木选择、穗条选择、嫁接时间、嫁接方式、苗圃管理等方面设样进行对比试验和观察。试验表明：①1a生砧木比当年生苗木成活率高;②1a生砧木先排栽好后嫁接比先嫁后栽成活率要高;③选择5a生左右的无病虫害接穗比10年以上大树枝条嫁接更易成活,采穗以2月底~3月初（即核桃萌动前10d左右）为最佳时间;④嫁接最适宜时间应选择在3月下旬~4月上旬;⑤苗圃地海拔适宜范围500~800m;⑥夏季高温撤除黑膜覆盖。

Juglans regia L.is one of the best non-timber product forest in Badong County.But because of mixed varieties,low grafting survival rate,high input costs,and backward production technology.In order to save costs and improve grafting survival rate,culture good quality seedlings.From the rootstock,scion selection,grafting time,grafting methods,nursery management were comparative observed and test.the results showed that： ①survival rate of one year root stock more than seedling in this year;②one year root stock grafting after plant in range more than grafting before plant in range;③ Selected about five-year non-pest scion easier to survive than branches from 10-year tree,the best scion time is end of February to early in March④ the best grafting time should choose end of March to early April;⑤the best altitude range of nursery is 500 to 800 m;⑥in summer high temperature remove black plastic film.