伯林价值多元论及其启示

Isaiah Berlin's Value-Pluralism and Its Enlightenment

在伯林眼中,理性主义一元论是西方文化源远流长的主流意识形态,是受到非主流意识形态不断批判和消解的意识形态;这种一元论不仅在概念上是错误的,而且也不尊重普通的经验事实。伯林通过分析理性主义一元论可能给人类带来的威胁,指出了在多元的现实世界里推崇一元论的危险性,从而也表明了他自己的观点:在政治与道德实践中,不能再沿袭一元论的思维模式,而应转向对多元论的诉求。伯林的多元主义的思考方式,已经成为当代政治思维的出发点。这也为我们今天反思既往的政治实践,转变政治思维方式提供了一定的借鉴。

Value-pluralism is the theoretic footstone of Berlin＇s thinking of liberalism, and also is Berlin＇s core idea. Crit- icizing monism of rationalism runs through the whole process of Berlin＇s ideology. In Berlin＇s opinion, the monism of ratio- nalism is the long mainstream ideology in the western civilization, which is constantly criticized and counteracted by the non -mainstream ideology; the monism is not only wrong in conception, but also disrespectful to the generally experiential facts. By analyzing the threat the monism could bring to the human, Berlin pointed out the fatalness of canonizing the mon- ism in the multiplex reality, and indicated his own viewpoint： in the political and moral practice, we do not follow the thinking mode of monism, on the contrary, we should turn to the pluralism. Berlin＇s thinking way of pluralism has already become the contemporary start of political thinking, which provides us some enlightenment on reflecting the past political practice and changing the political thinking mode.