青藏高原毛茛科3种特有植物核型和进化研究

STUDIES OF THE KARYOTYPE AND EVOLUTION FOR THREE ENDEMIC SPECIES OF RANUNCULACEAE IN QINGHAI XIZANG PLATEAU

对青藏高原高山冰缘地区毛茛科３种特有植物的核型进行了分析。它们的核型公式（Ｋ）、染色体相对长度组成（Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．）和核型不对称系数（Ａｓ．Ｋ％）分别为：青藏金莲花Ｔｒｏｌｉｕｓｐｕｍｉｌｕｓｖａｒ．ｔａｎｇｕｔｉｃｕｓ：Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋８ｓｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋２ｓｔ，Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋４Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋４Ｓ，Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６３．５７，核型属２Ｂ型；甘青乌头Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｔａｎｇｕｔｉｃｕｍ为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋１０ｓｍ，Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋８Ｍ１＋４Ｓ，Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６２．５４，２Ｂ型；单花翠雀花Ｄｅｌｐｈｉｎｉｕｍｃａｎｄｅｌａｂｒｕｍｖａｒ．ｍｏｎａｎｔｈｕｍ为Ｋ（２ｎ）＝６ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ，Ｃ．Ｒ．Ｌ．＝４Ｌ＋４Ｍ２＋４Ｍ１＋６Ｓ，Ａｓ．Ｋ％＝６４．３４，属３Ｂ型。经同相关近缘种核型资料比较，青藏金莲花核型不对称性和进化程度比金莲花Ｔ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ低；甘青乌头的核型不对称性和进化程度在其近缘类群（乌头组Ｓｅｃｔ．Ａｃｏｎｉｔｕｍ）已报道的种之内最低；单花翠雀花核型不对称性和进化水平比翠雀组（Ｓｅｃｔ．Ｄｅｌｐｈｉｎａｓｔｒｕｍ）已报道的展毛翠雀花Ｄ．ｋａｍａｏｅｎｓｅｖａｒ．ｇｌａｂｒｅｓｃｅｎｓ、?

The karyotypes of three endemic species for Ranunculaceae in alpine periglacial area of Qinghai Xizang Plateau are analysed and represented in this paper.Their karyotype formulae (K) (by Levan et al.,1964) and chromosome component of relative length (C.R.L.) (by Kuo et al.,1972) and the index of karyotypic asymmetry (As.K%) (by Arano H,1963) are each presented as folows: Trollius pumilus var. taguticus K(2n)=6m+8sm(2SAT)+2st,C.R.L.=4L+4M 2+4M 1+4S,As.K%= 63.57 ,the karyotype belong to 2B; Aconitum tanguticum K(2n)=6m+10sm,C.R.L.=4L+8M 1+4S,As.K%=62.54,belong to 2B; Delphinium candelabrum var. monanthum K(2n)=6m+8sm+2st,C.R.L.=4L+4M 2+2M 1+6S,As.K%=64.34,belong to 3B.Make a comparison for these data with availeble information of close related species,may be show that the karyotypic asymmetry and evolution level of the Trollius pumilus var. tanguticus are lower than T.chinensis ,the karyotypic asymmetry and evolution level of the Aconitum tanguticum are the lowest in its close related taxa (Sect. Aconitum ),the karyotypic asymmetry and evolution level of the Delphinium condelabrum var. monanthum are lower than D.kamaoense var. glabescens and D.maximorwiczii and D.caeruleum that have reported in Sect. Delphinastrum .Above outcome is keeping with the classificatory position of these species in taxonomic system of Chinese Ranunculaceae by W.T.Wang (1979).