广州市小学生道路交通伤害的流行现状及影响因素分析

Influencing factors for road traffic injuries among primary school students in Guangzhou

目的探讨广州市小学生道路交通伤害(RTI)的流行病学特征,为建立有效的干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法和自拟调查表,对广州市10所小学所有学生道路伤害情况及其危险行为进行问卷调查,问卷内容主要包括基本情况、伤害发生情况、伤害危险行为情况等。采用logistic回归分析道路交通伤害的发生影响因素。结果调查共发放问卷8412份,有效问卷7847份。过去1年内共74人发生RTI,发生率为0.94%;共发生RTI75人次,RTI人次数发生率为0.96%。男生和女生RTI发生率分别为1.22%(51/4194)和0.63%(23/3653)(P<0.01),不同年级学生RTI发生率差别有统计学意义(P<0.01),五、六年级较高,分别为1.92%、1.40%。受伤部位以四肢为主,依次为足部27人次、手部13人次、腿部11人次,分别占总发生人次数的36.00%、17.33%和14.67%。受伤的主要责任人是自己(42人次,占56.00%)。受伤地点主要发生在道路上(49人次,占65.33%)。受伤性质主要是以皮肤损伤为主(43人次,占57.33%)。伤后处理以门诊/急诊或老师/家长自行处理为主,58.67%伤后未请假,77.33%可以完全恢复,致残的仅1人次。65.8%的学生都能在绿灯时过马路,仅有1.2%的同学过马路时总是闯红灯;62.6%、2.5%的同学分别为都能或从未走人行道、过街天桥及地下通道。多因素logistic回归分析提示:相对于男生,女生RTI发生率较低(OR=0.4814),相对于高年级,低年级学生RTI发生率较低(OR=0.1631～1.3619)。结论广州市小学生中存在一定程度的道路交通伤害,应提高小学生尤其男生、高年级学生的道路安全意识,家长和学校应督促学生严格遵守交通规则,积极预防和控制小学生RTI的发生。

Objective To explore the influencing factors for road traffic injuries （RTI） among primary school students in Guangzhou for further prevention and control of RTI. Methods Students from 10 primary schools in Guangzhou were selected using stratified cluster sampling method. Questionnaires were finished by the students or their parents. The main contents of the questionnaire included general items, RTI, risk behaviors related injuries. Influencing factors for road traffic injuries were analyzed by logistic method. Results A total of 7 847 questionnaires from 8 412 distributed copies were valid for analysis. In the past 1 year there was 75 person times encountered road traffic injuries which accounted for 0. 96% （75/ 7 847）. The incidence rates of RTI were 1.22% （51/4 194）for male students and 0. 63% （23/3 653） for female, with statistically significant difference （ P 〈 0. 01 ）. The main injury parts of body were the four limbs, ranked by feet （27 person times） , hands （13） and lower limbs （11） , and mainly caused by themselves （42 person times, accounting for 56.00% ）. Places the injury occurred were mainly in roads （49 person times, accounting for 65.33% ）. After injury, they went to outpatient department or emergency room for treatment, or sought aids from their parents or teachers. 58.67% of students did not ask for leave after injury; 77.33% can be fully recovered; 65.8% （5 166/7 847） can always cross the road when the traffic signal lights were green; and 62. 6% （4 909/7 847 ）can always walk on sidewalk, overbridge or underground passage. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence rate of RTI of girls was less than that of boys（ OR = 0. 481 4） and higher grade was prone to occur RTI （OR = 0. 163 1 - 1. 361 9）. Conclusion Road traffic injuries existed among primary school students in Guangzhou City. Positive measures including enhancing cultivation of safe consciousness and precautionary safety measures and urging students to obey traffic rules are highly required for prevention and to reduce the incidence of youth road traffic accidents and traffic injuries.