RAPD分析与白头叶猴分类地位探讨

PRELIMINARY REPORT ON CLASSIFICATION STATUS OF THE WHITE HEADED LANGUR INFERRED FROM RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHISM DNA

为确定白头叶猴的分类地位，分析了菲氏叶猴（Ｔｒａｃｈｙｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓｃｒｅｐｕｓｃｕｌｕｓ）、紫面叶猴（Ｔｖｅｔｕｌｕｓ）、长尾叶猴（Ｓｅｍｎｏｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓｅｎｔｅｌｕｓ）、黑叶猴（Ｔｆｒａｎｃｏｉｓｉ）、白头叶猴（Ｔｆｌｅｕｃｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓ）共１３个个体的随机扩增ＤＮＡ多态。用于检测的３０个随机引物中有２２个产生清晰的条带。根据遗传距离建立的系统树显示，黑叶猴与白头叶猴亲缘关系最近，且两者都不是单系群。白头叶猴３与黑叶猴６的亲缘关系比与白头叶猴１、２的更近。根据系统树中的关系对群体进行了ｔ检验，结果显示：在５％水平上，白头叶猴与黑叶猴有显著差异；然而，在同样的水平上白头叶猴１、２、３和黑叶猴６、２、３组成的群体也显著区别于黑叶猴１、４、５组成的群体。系统树和ｔ检验结果表明，白头叶猴与黑叶猴之间遗传差异水平较低，近期两者之间可能存在基因流。结合形态学特征和地理分布特点。

The classification of the white headed langur has remained controversial.Tan (1957) proposed that the white headed langur,discovered by Tan in 1952 in southwestern Guangxi Autonomous Region,be a new species Presbytis leucocephalus . Li and Ma (1980) recognized the white headed langur as a subspecies of P francoisi based on a field survey of the geographical distribution of both the Francois’ langur and the white headed langur in southern Guangxi Autonomous Region.Lu and Huang (1993) found that altitude coincides with habitat use,and separates Francois’langur from white headed langurs.So they distinguished the langur as separate species.All of viewpoints mentioned above are mainly based on gross morphological features and geographical distribution.Random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) of 2 T phayrei ,1 T vetulus ,1 Semnopithecus entellus and 6 T francoisi ,and 3 white headed langurs were analyzed in order to clarify the classification status of the white headed langur.A total of 30 10-mer arbitrary primers were used and 22 of which generate clear bands.The phylogenetic tree constructed on the basis of genetic distance shows that the whole tree should be sorted into two clusters:(1) T phayrei and (2) T f leucocephalus and T francoisi . Our results show that T francoisi and T f leucocephalus are more closely related to each other than to T phayrei .The T francoisi and T f leucocephalus are not monophyletic groups.However, T francoisi .2,3,6 are more closely related to T f leucocephalus 1,2,3 than to T francoisi 1,4,5.Students’s test was performed among groups based on the phylogenetic tree.The statistic tests show that T f leucocephalus is different from T francoisi at 5% significant level and the group T f leucocephalus 1,2,3, T francoisi .2,3,6 is different from group T francoisi1 ,4,5 at 5% significant level.The other three groups are not different from each other at 5% significant level.Our phylogenetic tree and student’s test results suggest that a genetic differentiation exists in T francoisi and T f leucocephalus at a low level.Considering the morphological features and geographical distribution,we think that the white headed langur might be a subspecies.A gene flow may exist between the white headed langur and Francois’ langur in recent years.