中国典型农区空心村综合整治模式

Reconstruction Models of Hollowed Villages in Key Agricultural Regions of China

空心村是农村经济社会转型发展期出现的一种乡村地域系统退化性演变的结果,造成了农村土地资源的浪费和低效利用,严重阻碍了农村经济社会的可持续发展。深入推进空心村现状调查、潜力评价和整治模式研究,对优化城乡土地资源配置、促进新农村建设具有十分重要的意义。以地处黄淮海平原的山东省禹城市为例,基于48个典型村庄、401份农村空心化与空心村整治意愿的农户问卷调查,重点开展了空心村整治模式的实证研究。结果表明,研究区村庄普遍存在村庄规模小、布局散,宅基地闲置多,村庄建设规划缺乏,公共服务设施短缺等问题;农民对空心村整治的意愿强烈,87.0%的农户对推进空心村整治与中心村建设表示愿意和非常愿意;围绕构建新型城乡关系和推动农村空间重构、资源整合、集约用地的指导思想,将国家战略同农民意愿有机结合,提出了城镇化引领型、中心村整合型和村内集约型等空心村综合整治模式。

Hollowed villages emerged during rural eco-social development transition in China.It caused waste and inefficiency of rural land use and became an obstruction to rural eco-social development.It was of great significance for rational land allocation and new countryside construction to intensify researches on reconstructing hollowed village.Current reconstruction models of hollowed villages usually gave insufficient consideration to peasant＇s willingness so that some unwanted consequences were caused.In view of the facts,we developed reconstruction models of hollowed villages combining national strategies and peasant＇s willingness in this paper.Yucheng County of Shandong Province in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain was chosen as a case to study reconstruction models of hollowed villages.Forty-eight villages and 401 peasant households were sampled to investigate village emptying processes and peasants＇ willingness for reconstructing hollowed villages.The survey results revealed pervasive problems of small village size,many disused residence sites,decentralized village distribution,short of development planning and public establishment,as well as eagerly willingness of peasants for reconstructing hollowed villages.Three hollowed village reconstruction models,＂urbanization leading model＂,＂central village merger model＂ and ＂intra-village intensification model＂,were proposed for different types of hollowed villages by guidelines of establishing new city-countryside relationship and pushing rural space restructuring and resources integration based on peasants＇ willingness and value judgment of rural development.This study provides a case study of reconstruction models of hollowed villages for other main farming areas such as Northeast China Plain,Middle and Lower Yangtze Valley Plain,and Sichuan Basin.