北京东灵山地区主要树生地衣调查初报

A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON CORTICOLOUS LICHENS IN DONGLING MOUNTAIN,BEIJING,CHINA

首次对北京森林生态定位站所在地东灵山小龙门林场主要森林树种上的地衣进行了调查研究。辽东栎、核桃楸、山杨、黄花柳、白腊和春榆等树种上的地衣覆盖度较大，其覆盖度多为３０％～６０％，最高可达８０％。山杏、槭树、黑桦（棘皮桦）上地衣覆盖度次之；白桦树上地衣甚少；而人工油松、华北落叶松树上未见到大型地衣生长。树生地衣优势种是Ｐｈａｅｏｐｈｙｓｃｉａｈｉｒｔｕｏｓａ（白刺毛黑蜈蚣衣）和Ｘａｎｔｈｏｒｉａｓｐ．（石黄衣），这两个种经常生长在一起，几乎出现在已调查的有大型地衣生长的所有树种上，并在树生地衣群落中占明显优势。初步讨论了影响树生地衣的出现及其覆盖度的因素。

Corticolous macrolichens on major forest trees in long term plots in Dongling Mountain,Beijing,were surveyed for the first time.Thirteen species of corticolous lichens occur in the survey area. Phaeophyscia hirtuosa and Xanthoria sp.are predominant species in corticolous lichens,and frequently occur on Quercus liaotungensis,Juglans mandshurica,Populus(P.simonii ect.), Salix ( S.caprea,S.viminalis,S.wallichiana),Fraxinus (F. chinensis,F.rhynchophylla),Ulmus japonica,Betula danurica,Betula platyphylla,Acer sp., Prunues armeniaca,Corylus mandshurica, and Syringa pekinensis .Macrolichen coverage (30%～75%)on Quercus liaotungensis,Juglans mandshurica,Populus,Salix, and Fraxinus is more than that on the other trees,No macrolichen occurs on Pinus tabulaeformis and Larix principis rupprechtii surveyed.Slope direction,crown density,tree species,and tree age were considered as main factors for occurrence,growth and coverage of corticolous lichens.