长江中下游滩地植被与钉螺孳生关系的研究

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN ONCOMELANIA BREEDING AND BEACH VEGETATION IN THE MIDDLE AND LOWER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER

对由莎草、苔草、狗牙根为优势种组成的杂草群落植被类型、由多种苔草、荻、为优势种组成的苔草、荻群落植被类型和由芦苇、菱笋、蒌蒿及蓼类为优势种组成的芦苇群落植被类型３种长江中下游滩地主要群落植被类型进行了钉螺密度与植被高度、钉螺密度与植被盖度之间的关系。结果表明：杂草群落植被类型，钉螺生存最适宜的植被高度为２２．０５ｃｍ、范围为１５～４７ｃｍ，钉螺生存最适宜的植被盖度为６５．２８％、范围为３５％～９０％；苔草、荻群落植被类型，钉螺生存最适宜的植被高度为２２．６９ｃｍ、范围为２０～３３ｃｍ，钉螺生存最适宜的植被盖度为６７．８０％、范围为３５％～９５％；芦苇群落植被类型，钉螺生存最适宜的植被高度为６４．８２ｃｍ、范围为７２～７８ｃｍ，钉螺生存最适宜植被盖度为６３．９５％、范围为１％～１００％。这一研究结果对通过生态工程措施控制植被因子。

Weed community with dominant species as Cyperus spp.,Carex spp.and Cynodon dactylon, sedge silvergrass community with dominant species as Carex spp. and Miscanthus sacchariflorus and reed community with dominant species as Phragmites communis,Zizania caduciflora,Artemisia selengensis and Polygonum spp.are three major beach vegetation types in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River.The relationship between density of oncomelania and height and cover of these beach vegetation was studied.The results indicated that:(1)In weed community,the mean vegetation height suitable for oncomelania existence is 22.05 cm,and the range of vegetation height is 15～47 cm.The most suitable vegetation cover is 65.28%,and the range is 35%～90%.(2)In sedge silvergrass community,the mean vegetation height suitable for oncomelania existence is 22.69cm,and the range is 20～33cm.The most suitable vegetation cover is 67.80%,and the range is 35%～93%.(3)In reed community,the mean vegetation height suitable for oncomelania existence is 64 82cm,and the range is 72～78cm.The most suitable vegetation cover is 63.95%,and the range is 1%～100%.The results provided scientific basis for realizing oncomelania and schistosomiasis prevention by controlling vegetation factors through ecological engineering approach.