蔬菜作物需水与节水灌溉气象服务

Meteological Service for Water-Needing and Water-Saving Irrigation of Vegetable Crops in Flatland Area of Zhangjiakou

应用联合国粮农组织推荐的计算作物蒸散量的公式,计算了张家口坝上地区蔬菜作物的需水量;通过田间示范得出,膜下滴灌节水效果最好,其次是喷灌、再就是管灌。给出了蔬菜作物的平均需水灌溉量和不同节水模式下的灌溉量,并进行了节水灌溉调控气象服务。结果表明,按照作物需水和气象服务调控灌溉,不用投入资金可节水40%左右;工程节水加作物需水气象服务调控灌溉节水40%-70%。工程节水结合作物需水调控灌溉为最有效最经济的节水灌溉途径。

According to the formula recommended by the Grain and Agricultural Organization of UN for calculating the quantity of heat radiation of crops,the quantity of water needed by the vegetable crops in the flat-land area of Zhangjiakou is calculated.The results from the demonstration fields show that drip irrigation under mulch is the best way for saving water,spraying irrigation the second,then piping irrigation.The meteological service for mediating and controlling water-saving irrigation,giving the quantities of average water-needing irrigation and irrigation in different water-saving patterns,is described.The results show that the irrigation,according to the water needing of crops and meteological conditions,can save water by 40% without investment,while engineering water-saving,combined with meteological service,can save water by 40% to 70%,which is the most economical way for saving water.