论关系的本质--基于中美之间社会关系对求职途径影响的比较分析

Nature of Guanxi:Comparative Analysis Based on the Impact of Social Relations on Getting a Job between China and America

关系研究是中国本土化研究的一个标志性领域。关系具有义务性、差序性和对抗性的特征。格兰诺维特的"弱关系假设"与边燕杰的"强关系假设"相互矛盾的原因在于中美社会之间的文化差异、结构差异和制度差异。中国源于乡土社会的文化和结构为工作信息通过强关系传递提供了压力条件和动力条件,而中国特殊的制度环境为工作信息通过强关系传递提供了生长条件。关系的存在与其说是源于文化因素赋予社会关系的义务性和差序性,不如说是源于制度因素赋予社会关系的对抗性。关系的对抗性是社会关系在公共领域中工具化和政治化的结果,也是关系的本质所在。

Guanxi is landmark field of localized study.It is obligatory,differential and antagonistic.The reason of contradictory between Granovetter's 'weak ties hypothesis' and Bian Yanjie's 'strong ties hypothesis' is the difference of culture,structure and system between China and America.China's special culture and structure from the rural society provides the pressure and dynamic conditions to deliver the job information through strong ties,while China's unusual system environment provides growing conditions to deliver the job information through strong ties.Not so much is the existence of Guanxi due to the obligatory and differential characteristics of social relations from cultural factors,as it is due to the antagonistic characteristics of social relations from system factors.The antagonistic characteristics of Guanxi is the result of which social relations is instrumental and politicized in the public domain.It is also the nature of Guanxi.