乙酸乙酯合成实验的改进

An Improved Method for the Synthesis of Ethyl Acetate

乙酸乙酯的合成是基础有机实验的重要内容之一,其反应原理是乙酸与乙醇在浓硫酸催化下的酯化反应。该文从反应装置和催化剂两个方面,对基础有机化学实验中乙酸乙酯的制备进行了改进研究。实验结果表明,基础有机实验采用滴加蒸出装置,反应液难以充分接触,损失大,浓硫酸做催化剂难以回收且污染环境,腐蚀设备;以炭负载硫酸为催化剂,采用回流蒸馏法,可实现产率高,催化剂易回收,重现性好,对环境无污染,使绿色化学在基础有机实验中得到了很好的应用。

The synthesis of ethyl acetate is one of the important aspects in the fundmental organic experiments,and the reaction principle is concentrated sulfuric acid-catalyzed esterification reaction between acetic acid and ethanol.Herein,the experimental apparatus and the catalysts of the basal ethyl acetate＇s synthesis have been investigated and improved.The experimental results show the basal organic experimental equipments,which adopted slowly dropping,results in some disadvantages.For example,uncontrollability of reaction temperature,insufficient contacts of reactants,low yields,difficult reclaim and recycle of catalysts,polluting environment and eroding the experimental apparatus.In contrast,the method which utilized reflux distilling under carbon loaded sulfuric acid as catalyst could be efficient.This method has been provided with many advantages such as high yields,catalysts easy recycle,well recurrence ability,unpolluting environment,which is an excellent application of green chemistry to the fundmental organic experiments.