发展海工设备制造,走向世界海洋石油市场

Develop Ocean Engineering Equipment Manufacture,Enter World Offshore Oil Market

近年来,深海油气勘探开发发展迅速,在2000~2005年全球新增油气储量中,陆上、浅水和深水分别占28%、31%和41%。与此相应,该领域的投资也持续快速增长,据预测,2012年全球海域作业支出将达到3610亿美元,比2007年增长42.1%,其中深水增幅约74%。在影响海上油气发展的诸多因素中,有两个问题最为业内人士所关注。一是海上油气发展需要大量的设备,而所涉及的种类众多的设备和技术必须形成智能化的配套体系;二是要有能胜任海上石油运作实力强大的团队,它不仅拥有投资和抗风险的实力,也要具有一流的技术和管理人才团队。近两年我国海工设备制造已进入深水领域,中国各大造船厂与各大石油公司的海工基地一起,组成了我国正蓬勃兴起的海洋石油装备制造队伍。但同时在这个领域也存在着专业化程度和关键设备国产化程度偏低,深水、超深水配套能力不足等问题。我国应将海上石油设备研制作为走向制造强国的＂抓手＂之一,统一规划,形成协同发展的合力。在拥有了适用于深水的设备并形成初步配套后,就可大踏步走向世界海洋石油市场,在实践中进一步提高设备制造的水平和配套的完整性。此外,我国在南海应更加积极主动地进行勘探开发活动,以深水勘探打破南海油气停滞、被动的局面。

In recent years,oil and gas exploration and development has been growing rapidly in deep seas.Of the oil and gas reserves increased worldwide between 2000 and 2005,28% was from onshore fields,31% from shallow-water and 41% from deepwater areas.In the same period,investment in deepwater exploration increased rapidly and continuously.It is predicted that the world＇s expenditure on offshore operations will reach US $361 billion by 2012,up 42.1% from 2007.Expenditure on deepwater operations will increase by about 74% over 2007.Of the many factors affecting offshore oil and gas development,two have attracted the most attention from the industry.Firstly,as developing offshore oil and gas needs a large amount of equipment,it is necessary to develop an intelligent supportive system for the many varieties of equipment and technologies involved.Secondly,there must be a powerful team competent for offshore oil operations.This team must have the ability to invest and resist risks as well as leading technology and executives.In recent years,Chinese ocean engineering equipment enterprises have begun to explore deepwater business.Major shipyards and the ocean engineering bases of major oil companies in China together form the country＇s booming offshore oil equipment manufacturing team.However,China＇s offshore oil equipment manufacturing industry still has some problems to resolve such as low degree of specialization,low percentage of domestically produced key equipment in use and insufficient capability to manufacture complete sets of deepwater and ultradeep-water equipment.China should regard the research and development of offshore oil equipment as a handle for building a world leading manufacturing industry and unify planning to achieve coordinated development.Once equipment suitable for deepwater operations is developed and a preliminary supporting system is established,Chinese enterprises can stride toward the world＇s offshore oil market and further improve their ability to manufacture equipment and the completeness of supportive capabilities in practice.In addition,China should be more active in exploring the South China Sea and try to reverse the situation where oil and gas exploration and development has come to a standstill in the South China Sea by means of deepwater exploration.