论说介词跟动词、名词语义和句法功能的同异——再谈取消介词结构

Similarities and Differences Between Prepositions,Nouns and Verbs

介词是名词、动词组合结构中的关系虚词,句法中不存在介词、名词组合结构;介词、动词语义相通,句法功能相异;句法结构有其一般规则、规律,又有特例;介词语义特征跟名词语义角色相通而不表现名词语义角色,"于"字是不负担语义信息的介词;语法分析要分清语义、句法两个层面,介词不能带宾语;古代汉语并存着P-N-V、N-P-V两种语序,正确处理P-N-V层次切分。

As prepositions are relative form words in combinational structures of nouns and verbs,there don't exist a so-called combinational structure of prepositions plus the nouns.Prepositions and verbs are similar in meaning,but different in their respective syntactical functions.Syntactical structure has its own exceptions in spite of its conformity with its general principles and laws.Feature of semantic meaning of prepositions,without playing the role of nouns,is still similar with them.While the character yu(于)is a preposition,sharing no semantic meanings.Grammatical analysis must make a clear demarcation between semantic meanings and syntax structure.Prepositions bear no objects at all.Due to the fact that there exist side by side the two word orders of P-N-V and N-P-V in ancient Chinese,a correct and proper division is demanded between the different levels of the word order of P-N-V.