2009年长春地区400例麻疹患儿临床特征分析

Clinical feature analysis of 400 measles patients in Changchun area in 2009

目的:了解长春地区2009年麻疹爆发流行的特点、临床特征。方法:回顾性分析2009年5～6月份收治的400例麻疹住院患者的临床资料。结果:400例患者中,男256例(64%),女144例(36%)。年龄8个月以下幼儿164例(41%),8个月～18周岁228例(57%),18周岁以上成人8例(2%),死亡2例(0.5%)。临床表现:发热、咳嗽、咽痛(100%),早期出现科普利克斑(98%),合并肺炎314例(78.5%)、喉炎150例(37.5%)、心衰10例(2.5%)、心肌炎14例(3.5%)、气胸2例(0.5%)、纵膈气肿2例(0.5%)。结论:麻疹的发病年龄前移,未接种麻疹疫苗(Measlesvaccine,MV)婴儿较多(164例)。临床表现多典型,并发症多。提高MV接种率,将MV接种年龄提前和将预婚妇女的MV常规接种及补种纳入控制麻疹的总体措施中将有效控制麻疹和降低总体发病率。

Objective To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of measles in Changchun area in 2009. Method The clinical date of 400 cases of measles admitted to hospital in May,June of 2009 was retrospective analyzed. Results Among the 400 patients,male of 256 cases （ 64% ） ,female of 144 cases （ 36% ）. The ages： 8 months of 164 cases （ 41%） ,8 month ～18 years of 228 cases （ 57%） ,≥18 years of 8 cases （ 2%） ,and 2 cases died （ 0. 5%）. Clinical manifestations：fever,cough,swallow pain （ 100% ） ,emerge Koplik＇s spots （ 98% ） ,pneumonia in 314 cases （ 78. 5% ） ,laryngitis in 150 case （ 37. 5% ） ,heart failure in 10 cases （ 2. 5% ） ,myocanditis in 14 cases （ 3. 5% ） ,pneumothorax in 2 cases （ 0. 5% ） ,and mediastinal emphysema in 2 cases （ 0. 5%）. Conclusion Onset age of measles is forward,and less infants vaccinate measles vaccine （ MV）. The clinical manifestations are typical,with more disease complications. Improving of MV vaccination rate,advancing of vaccination age,bringing pre-marital women into the routine immunization and catching-up measles control measures will be effective to control measles and reduce measles incidence.