高层建筑横风向风效应研究综述

Cross-wind Effect of High-rise Buildings:State of Art

高层建筑的横风向荷载及响应问题非常复杂,它与来流紊流、尾流和气动反馈3个方面的激励有关.虽然研究人员关注这一问题已有30多年,但迄今为止还没有形成被广泛采用的成熟的分析理论和方法,许多国家的规范中尚无相关的规定.国内外高层建筑横风向风效应研究成果主要分为3部分:横风向气动力的确定,横风向气动阻尼的识别和横风向等效静力风荷载的计算方法.风洞试验技术、数据拟合技术、参数识别技术是确定高层建筑横风向风效应的主要手段.通过分析国内外研究手段和方法的现状及优缺点,针对高层建筑横风向响应研究中存在的问题和不足,提出了应该关注的重点:高层建筑外形的复杂变化对气动力的影响、高层建筑横风向气动阻尼的识别方法以及形成机理和影响因素、等效静力风荷载计算方法和复杂形体超高层建筑顺、横、扭3种风荷载分量的耦合问题.

The mechanisms of cross-wind effects of high-rise buildings are very complicated,which are associated with the incident turbulence,the wake and the aerodynamic feedback.Although considerable research efforts to assess cross-wind effect have undertaken worldwide for decades,no widely adopted sophisticated theory and method are made,further-more,no relevant guidelines are made in the load standards and codes of most countries.These worldwide research subjects of cross-wind effect include three important parts,the determination of cross-wind aerodynamic force,the identification of cross-wind aerodynamic damping and the calculation methods of across-wind equivalent static wind loads.Wind tunnel technique,data fitting technique and parameter identification technique are the principal means to determine the cross-wind effects of high-rise buildings.Based on the problems and deficiency of across-wind response research,some research emphases are proposed：the effect of complex building shape to aerodynamic forces,the identification,mechanisms and influence factors of cross-wind aerodynamic damping,calculation methods of equivalent static wind load and 3-D coupling problems of complex high-rise buildings.