试析马克思生态观的出场路径与根本特征——以西方生态主义为比较视阈

An Analysis of the Initial Route of Marx's Ecology Thought and Basic Characteristics——in comparison with Western Eco-ism

在马克思的思想中包含了一种深刻而现实的生态观,这种生态观立基于历史唯物主义之中,在对象性活动中把握了人与自然、历史与自然的真正统一,在社会历史的实践维度中,揭示了人与自然矛盾的资本根源以及资本主义制度本身的反生态性。而西方生态主义以现代环境科学与生态学为支撑,以自然价值和自然权利作为理论基石,试图通过伦理努力来促进人与自然关系的新认识与调整,诉诸的方式也多为激进环境保护运动的开展,而并未能深入到社会历史存在的层面。面对派别林立的生态主义,马克思的生态观并未显得过时或落伍,却不断显示了其理论的优势,成为当今生态哲学不可跨越的理论基础。

There is one kind of profound and real ecologic view lying in Marx＇s theory.This ecology thought grasps the unification of human and nature,history and nature in the objective activity on the basis of historical materialism,and it also reveals the capital source of the contradiction between human and nature and the anti-ecology of capitalism system in the dimension of social historical practice.The Western Eco-ism supported by modern environment science and ecology tries to ethically improve the new understanding and adjustment of the relationship between human and nature on the theoretic basis of nature value and rights.Because it resorts to the radical program of environmental protection, the Western Eco-ism fails to go deep into the level of the existence of social history.Faced with different factions of Eco-ism,Marx＇s ecology isn＇t out of date and continuously demonstrates its theoretic strength and also becomes the insurmountable theoretic basis of today＇s Eco-ism.