秦岭华山松单萜类挥发物的动态变化

Dynamic Changes of Monoterpene Volatiles in Chinese White Pine in Qinling Mountains

为了研究华山松健康木和不同阶段被害华山松挥发物的动态变化,应用动态顶空吸附法结合气相色谱-质谱联用(GC/MS)技术,对健康华山松和不同阶段被害华山松针叶和树干韧皮部挥发性物质进行分析,结果鉴定出6种单萜成分:α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、β-香叶烯、D-柠檬烯以及β-水芹烯。试验表明:(1)健康华山松和不同阶段被害华山松单萜组分相同,无论是针叶还是树干韧皮部。(2)健康华山松和不同阶段被害华山松针叶单萜相对含量存在差异:健康木和新侵木相比,莰烯、β-香叶烯以及D-柠檬烯变化显著;枯萎木与新侵木和健康木相比,6种单萜均有显著差异。(3)健康华山松和不同阶段被害华山松树干韧皮部单萜相对含量有差异:健康木与新侵木相比,仅D-柠檬烯差异显著;新侵木与枯萎木相比,均差异显著;枯萎木与枯立木相比,β-蒎烯、D-柠檬烯以及β-水芹烯变化显著。(4)α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯和β-水芹烯相对含量变化在健康木和不同阶段受害木中呈现一定规律,认为这与华山松大小蠹导致健康华山松树势衰弱和被害华山松的健康程度有关,这也可能是反应华山松被害和健康华山松树势衰弱的重要信号。

To study the dynamic changes of volatiles of healthy and attacked Chinese white pines at different injuring stages,the volatiles from needles and bole phloem were analyzed through dynamic headspace adsorption method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC / MS） technology.Six monoterpenes were identified as α-pinene,camphene,β-pinene,β-myrcene,D-limonene and β-phellandrene.The test showed that：（1） the monoterpene compositions were the same among healthy Chinese white pines and attacked Chinese white pines at different stages,whether from needles or bole phloem;（2） the relative content of monoterpenes from needles had differences among healthy Chinese white pines and attacked ones at different stages： camphene,β-myrcene and D-limonene changed significantly between health trees and newly attacked trees;compared to healthy and infesting trees,the six monoterpenes in withed trees were all significantly different;（3） the relative content of monoterpenes from bole phloem had differences among healthy Chinese white pines and attacked ones at different stages： D-limonene was only significantly different between healthy and infesting trees;except α-pinene,the rests were significantly different between newly attacked and withed trees;β-pinene,D-limonene and β-phellandrene changed significantly between withed and dead trees;（4） the relative content of α-pinene,β-pinene and β-phellandrene showed some rules in healthy Chinese white pine and attacked one at different stages,indicating the weakness of healthy Chinese white pine and the health levels of attacked Chinese white pine leaded by Dendroctonus armandi,and the rules might also be important signals of weakness of healthy and attacked Chinese white pine.