福建省首次公众健康素养状况分析及影响因素研究

Primary Study on the Status of Public Health Literacy and its Influence Factors in Fujian,China

[目的]了解福建省公民健康素养状况及其影响因素,为制定政策提供科学依据。[方法]随机抽样法选择11个区县15～69岁4701常住居民进行问卷调查,用健康素养综合指标及分类指标评价。[结果]有效问卷回收率99.8%(4692/4701)。公众具备健康素养的总体水平5.5%,其中具备基本知识与理念、健康生活方式与行为和基本技能素养者分别占11.7%、6.2%和13.5%。不同性别、文化、年龄和地区的人群指标差异显著。从5类健康问题素养分析,具备科学健康观、传染病预防、慢性病预防、安全与急救及基本医疗素养的占比分别是29.1%、10.3%、4.0%、17.8%和5.7%。影响健康素养的主要因素是文化、年龄和城乡差异。[结论]福建省公众的健康素养水平较低,应有针对性地制定健康教育与促进策略,提高公众健康素养。

[Objective] To investigate the health literacy status and its influence factors of residents in Fujian for developing strategies of health Education.[Methods] Totally 4 701 adults aged 15-69 in 11 cities（counties）were selected were investigated by using random sampling method.The health literacy status was evaluated and the influence factors were analyzed with health literacy indexes.[Results] The recovery rate of effective questionnaires was 99.8%（4 692/4 701）.The health literacy rate of residents was 5.5%,including basic knowledge and attitudes（11.7%）,health lifestyles and behaviors（6.2%）,basic health skills（13.5%）.There were significantly different among gender,education level,age,urban and rural area.The rates of the health literacy including health conception,disease prevention,chronic disease prevention,safety and first aid,basic medical care were 29.1%,10.3%,4.0%,17.8% and 5.7% respectively.The main influence factors of health literacy were education level,age,urban and rural area.[Conclusion] The level of health literacy was lower in Fujian.Health education and promotion strategies should be strengthen for improving health literacy of residents.