明清徽州文献所见节烈妇女的家庭职责

The Family Duties of Huizhou Chastity Women in the Ming and Qing Dynasties' History Documents

明清徽州妇女自幼受到妇德教育,许多节烈妇女在丈夫去世后,忍受生理和心理上巨大的苦痛,艰难的支撑起破碎困顿的家庭。在孤寡无依的极其艰难的情境下,忍辱负重,承担起众多的家庭职责。她们不仅要侍奉公婆尽孝道,抚养、教育丈夫留下的子息;也要为夫归葬并入祠祭祀;而且还要处理各种家庭内外事务。她们的艰难和困苦是常人难以想象的,她们都为自己的家庭,为徽州商业的壮大,乃至为徽州社会经济的发展做出了贡献。

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,Huizhou women received the education of female virtues since childhood.Many chastity women endured the huge pain in the physiology and the psychology after the husband died to support the exhausted family.Under the extremely difficult situation,they undertook the numerous family duties.They not only needed to serve the parents-in-law,to foster and educate the children,but also needed to take their husband＇s skeleton back to bury and make their soul to enter the ancestral hall for sacrificial offering;moreover they must deal with inside and outside each kind of family affairs.Their difficult and poverty-stricken was inconceivable.They had made the contribution for their family,for the Huizhou commercial strength,and even for the Huizhou social economy＇s development.