闽浙马仙信仰与地方仪俗之探讨——柘荣马仙信仰文化调查

Study on Belief in Deity Maxian and Local Rites and Customs in Fujian and Zhejiang Provinces——Cultural Exploration on Belief in Deity Maxian in Zherong

马仙信仰的源头在浙南,宋代已传入福建,现已融入当地道教文化与社区(境)文化中,成为民间文化的重要部分。"马仙"从一个纯朴善良的孝妇,被社会尤其是士人关注、传扬、充实和改造后成为民众社会生活中的多功能神灵,至今不惟在浙南民间依然保持旺盛的香火,在闽东的柘荣县,马仙已成为百姓心中的至神。近年来,柘荣十三境"迎马仙"活动每年举行一次,祭祀活动由"迎仙"、"总供"、"巡境"、"谢恩醮"和"送仙"等五部分组成,柘荣的"迎马仙"仪式已成为民间信仰仪俗和文化节相结合的大型文化活动。

Belief in Deity Maxian,as an important component of the folk culture,was originated in the southern Zhejiang and introduced into Fujian in the Song Dynasty.Nowadays,the belief has integrated with the local Taoist culture and community culture.Deity Maxian,who was a sincere,kind and filial woman,was paid attention to,promoted,vividly enriched and transformed into a multi-functional Goddess in people＇s social lives.The belief is still keeping its popularity in the southern Zhejiang and other areas.And in Zherong county,eastern Fujian,Deity Maxian has become the greatest Goddess.In recent years,the annual ＂Saluting Deity Maxian＂ rite holds in 13 communities of Zherong county.The rite is consisted of five stages（saluting Deity Maxian,sacrificing,patrolling,thanking the Goddess and delivering the goods and then seeing off the Goddess）.The ＂saluting Deity Maxian＂ rite has become a large-scale cultural activity combining local rites and customs with cultural festival.