先秦名论:认知-思辨论和伦理-权术论

Pre-Qin Theories on Names:The Theory of Cognition and speculation,or the Theory of Ethics and Power Tactics

先秦名论包括:道家的认知论"名论"、儒家的伦理论"名论"、名家的王道论"名论"、《墨辩》派的思辨论"名论"、法家的权术论"名论",由此呈现出认知-思辨论"名论"和伦理-权术论"名论"的两条线索。占主流的先秦伦理-权术论"王者制名、循名督实"的"名实之辩",本质上是"伦理主义";古希腊"按规定"还是"按本质"的"名实之争",本质上是"物理主义"。先秦名论中的"名-实"两解:①指称之名-指称之物;②名分-实绩,与结构主义符号学的"能指(音响形象)-所指(概念)"之间不存在直接对应关系。

The name theories in pre-Qin time includes Taoist cognitive theory of names,Confucian ethical theory of names,the School of Logicians＇Kingly Way theory of names,Mohist（represented in the Mo Bian） speculation theory of names,legalist power tactic theory of names,demonstrating two different threads：the cognition-speculation,and the ethics-power tactics.The mainstream ethics-power tactics theory featured with＂the King assigning the names and following the names to regulate the reality＂is essentially moralistic;while the ancient Greek dispute on ＂according to regulation＂or according to essence＂is essentially phisicalist.The two different explanations of＂Name-stuff＂in pre-Qin time,i.e.①the name referred and the stuff referred;② the name status and the real achievement,have no corresponding relation with the signifier（voices and images） and the signified（concepts） relation in structural-symbolism.