不同烟区及土壤改良措施下烟叶显微与超显微结构的动态观察

Dynamical observation of microstructure and ultrastructure of tobacco leaf from different areas under various soil improvement measures

为了解烟叶显微与超显微结构变化的一般规律及其在不同烟区与不同土壤改良措施下的差异,为优质烟叶的栽培提供科学的依据,应用光学显微镜、透射电子显微镜对不同地域及不同土壤改良措施下烟叶显微与超显微结构进行动态观察,结果表明:烟叶显微结构与超显微结构变化一般规律:细胞从排列紧密到疏松,最终细胞收缩、解体。前期叶绿体内淀粉粒较多,中期减少,后期增多。叶绿体高基粒片层逐渐减小。嗜锇颗粒呈加速增多的趋势。不同烟区及不同土壤改良措施下的差异主要表现在后期,栅栏组织细胞出现收缩与海绵组织细胞间隙扩大及细胞的降解的程度不同;叶绿体高基粒片层、嗜锇颗粒、淀粉粒的数量差异大。施草炭的细胞大幅度收缩,细胞间隙扩大,各处理的比对照都有相对较多的孔隙;施用饼肥的嗜锇颗粒数量明显多于其他处理,纯施化肥的最少。施草炭、施饼肥比对照的叶绿体高基粒片层多。纯施化肥的叶绿体内淀粉粒后期迅速增大超过其他3处理。不同地域和不同土壤改良措施下烟叶从糖类物质合成向脂类物质合成转变的程度不同,烟区土壤改良措施能够进行有效调节。

Changes of microstructure and ultrastructure of tobacco leaves in different area under various soil improvement measures was studied to provide scientific evidence for field management of high quality tobacco leaf. Dynamical observations of the microstructure and ultrastructure were carried out with optical and electrical microscopes. Results showed that the compactness of cells was from high to low and then shrinked to disaggregation. Starch grains in chloroplasts decreased in prophase and increased in anaphase steadily. Cell chloroplast density and higher granum lamellae decreased as well. Osmiophilic globules increased rapidly. There was significant difference in intercellular space,degree of disaggregation,and number of higher granum lamellae,granum stacks,starch grains,and osmiophilic globules in different area in the anaphase. There was also significant difference among treatments. Peat treatment intercellular space was the biggest and CK was the smallest 53 days after transplant. Cake fertilization treatment osmiophilic globules were more than other treatments and the CK was the least. The number of higher granum lamellae and granum stacks of the cake fertilization treatment and peat treatment were more than other treatments. The starch grains accumulated rapidly in anaphase in the CK and more than other treatments. The degree of transformation from syhthesize of glucide to oil was different in different area under different soil improvement measures,and soil improvement measures can adjust the transformation.