论孔子“不在其位,不谋其政”

On Confucius's "One Who Is Not in a Certain Office Does Not Discuss How to Administer Its Affairs"

孔子"不在其位,不谋其政"的思想,何晏、程颢、朱熹、钱穆注释不够详细具体,今人陈广达、白彤东二先生认为此句于孔子平生行为有矛盾。作者通过研究分析总结认为此句意义有三:一是孔子阐述自己理想中的政治是各守其位,各司其职;二是警告破坏礼制的乱臣;三是不谋其政不是"不谋政",而是不谋某一具体职位上具体的政事,抽象的"大政"还是"谋"的,只是换一种方式,办教育、培养从政官员而已。

He Yan,Cheng Hao,Zhu Xi and Qian Mu didn＇t make a detailed remark on Confucius＇s idea ＂one who is not in a certain office does not discuss how to administer its affairs＂.At present,Chen Guangda and Bai Tongdong think that the sentence is contradictory to Confucius＇s lifelong behavior.The author interprets the sentence in the following three ways：firstly,Confucius expounded his ideal state of confining oneself to one＇s own duties;secondly,he warned the officials who sabotaged norms of etiquette;thirdly,not discussing how to administer affairs didn＇t mean not seeking governance;rather,it meant not discussing how to administer specific affairs.Abstract politics should be discussed,which was designed to cultivate officials through education.