天人分野中庄子“自然”与“自由”逻辑的多重悖论

Multiple Paradoxes from Zhuangzi's Logics of Nature and Freedom in the Divergence Between Heaven And Man

庄子的自然观在天人分野中存在着自然性与人为性的相谬。在"天"的维度,"自然"体现了无为、自然而然的本意;在"人"的维度,实现自然则带有明显的人为色彩。以人为的方式实现的自然,强调对必然的超越,指向自由的理想。但这种"自由"却建立在"人合于天"的基础上,先天地隐含着逻辑的悖论:在"天"的意志中寻求人的自由。这种内在的悖论,外显为庄子自由观中游心与游世态度自相抵牾的现象。

Zhuangzi＇s view of nature exists contradictions between naturalness and factitiousness in the divergence of heaven and man.From the aspect of ＂heaven＂,＂nature＂ embodies the original meaning,that is inaction and naturalness.From the perspective of ＂man＂,to achieve ＂naturalness＂ obviously shows artificial colour.＂Naturalness＂achieved by artifical form lays stress on transcending necessity,and leads to the ideals of freedom.But such freedom based on ＂man obedience to heaven＂ congenitally implies paradoxes in its logics： pursueing human freedom from will of heaven.As a result,the internal paradoxes bring out the phenomenon that attitudes toward＂mind wandering ＂and ＂world wandering＂reveals self-contradiction within Zhuangzi＇s idea of freedom.