马关县草果种植地的施肥效果试验

Fertilization Experiment of Amomum tsao-ko Plantation in Maguan County of Yunnan Province

在马关县仁和镇的4年生草果种植地开展了施用不同量的农家肥、钾肥、普钙和复合肥促进草果植株开花结实效果的试验。结果表明：对该地的草果种植地进行合理的施肥能有效促进草果植株叶芽、花芽的分化,提高其结实率及结实量。各施肥处理的草果植株在叶芽数量、花芽数量、结实率及结实量等4个指标上均优于不施肥的对照,分别比对照提高了24.4%-204.9%、22%-97.6%、5.4%-36.9%和72.4%-442.3%。各施肥处理的草果植株在叶芽数量及结实量2个指标上存在极显著的差异,而在花芽数量及结实率2个指标上无显著差异。综合各施肥处理的草果植株结实量及结实率,在马关县及其土壤状况相似的草果种植地较佳的施肥肥种为钾肥或复合肥,其施肥量为钾肥200 g/株（丛）或复合肥400 g/株（丛）,前者草果植株单株（丛）的结实量达8.46 kg,比不施肥的对照高442.3%,后者草果植株单株（丛）结实量达7.82 kg,比不施肥对照高401.3%。

Fertilization experiment of Amomum tsao-ko plantation was conducted at Maguan county of Yunnan province to test the effects of farm manure,potassium,calcium superphosphate and compound fertilizer on flowering and fruiting of Amomum tsao-ko trees.The experimental results showed that scientific and rational fertilization could effectively promote the differentiation of leaf bud and blossom bud,and increase the seed setting rate and seed production.The numbers of leaf bud,blossom bud,seed setting rate and seed production of trees under different fertilization treatments were higher than control,with the increase percentage of 24.4 % - 204.9 %,22 % - 97.6 %,5.4 % - 36.9 % and 72.4 % - 442.3 % respectively.There were significant differences among fertilization treatments on leaf bud number and seed production,whereas the differences of blossom bud number and seed setting rate were not significant.Through summarizing the experimental results,it was concluded that the optimum fertilizer in Amomum tsao-ko plantation were potassium or compound fertilizer,the fertilizer amount were 200 g/tree of potassium and 400 g/tree of compound fertilizer respectively,the individual seed production of the former treatment obtained 8.46 kg,which was 442.3 % higher than control,the individual seed production of the latter treatment obtained 7.82 kg,which was 401.3 % higher than control.