公路景观与环境评价研究分析

Research and Analysis for Landscape and Environmental Assessment of Highway

各国道路景观设计理念、设计方法以及评价方法,都还没有形成完整的理论体系。高等级公路景观设计原则包括功能性原则、自然优先原则、可持续原则、地域性原则和综合性原则。处理好公路与环境的协调问题,以及公路线形自身的协调问题,在高等级公路设计中显得更为重要;高等级公路景观设计单元涉及公路的各部分具体实物的设计,包括了众多的构造物。公路景观环境分析评价指标主要考察自然景观和人文景观。从公路与沿线景观协调性和边坡景观绿化状况对公路景观从美学价值上进行评价十分重要。高速公路生态系统评价内容复杂、涉及面广、可变因素多,不仅要考虑生物因素和环境因素,还应包括人类活动、生态系统和环境相关的政策和措施等社会因素;综合运用各种生态措施、生物措施、农艺措施、管理措施等生态防护技术将公路建设的破坏性限制在最小范围内。

Countries have not yet formed a complete theoretical system in road landscape design,concept,design methods and evaluation methods.Highway landscape design principles include the principle of functional,natural principle of giving priority,sustainable principles,regional principles and the principle of comprehensive.It is more important to handle the coordination of roads and the environment,as well as the coordination of its own highway alignment problem in the design of high-grade highways;high-grade highway landscape design element involved in the various parts of the road kind of design,including a large number of structures.The analysis and evaluation indicators of highway landscape mainly are on the natural landscape and human landscape.The road and along the landscape coordination and slope greening landscape conditions is very important on the highway landscape from an aesthetic value of the evaluation.The highway ecosystem assessment is complex,involving a wide range and have many variables,it is not only to consider the biological factors and environmental factors,but should also include human activities,the policies and measures about the ecosystem and environment-related and other social factors;Eco-protection technology such as various ecological measures,biological measures,agronomic measures,management measures are comprehensivly used to limit and reduced the damage to road construction at a minimum.