超临界状态下的多相催化反应

HETEROGENEOUS CATALYTIC REACTION IN SUPERCRITICAL STATE

介绍近年来超临界流体在多相催化反应中的理论研究和试验应用。前者主要从化学动力学和化学平衡的角度进行了深入的讨论；后者阐述了目前所研究的烯烃齐聚、烃类异构化、烷基化、费－托合成、甲苯脱氢、合成甲醇，以及低碳醇的合成等几个模型反应。最后探讨了该领域今后的发展趋势。

Theoretical and practical developments of heterogeneous catalytic reactions in supercritical state were reviewed. The theoretical investigations about the improvement of catalytic performance via the reaction carried out in fluid were discussed in terms of kinetic principle and chemical equilibrium, and some successful applications, such as olefin oligomerization, isomerization, alkylation, Fischer Tropsch synthesis, toluene dehydrogenation, methanol synthesis and lower alcohol synthesis, etc., were introduced. Based on these, the future of supercritical catalysis was discussed.