重载自卸车车架强度的有限元分析

Finite element analysis on a heavy tip truck frame

重载自卸车在复杂的使用条件下要求车架具有良好的机械性能并实现结构的轻量化。通过建立车架系统的有限元模型,计算分析了该车架在7种载荷工况时的应力分布及其固有模态。发现该车架纵梁应力较小,具有进行轻量化改进的潜力且具有较好的模态特性;但超载情况下,车架在弯扭工况和制动工况时,部分横梁及其与车架连接部位的应力超过了材料的屈服极限,必须进行优化改进。

The heavy tip vehicle frame not only bears the loads of engine,chassis and cargo weight,but also bears various forces and moments acted by suspension.In order to find out the stress and dangerous regions,the detailed frame structure finite element model is established depending on HyperMesh and Nastran software.The frame stress is then calculated while the vehicle bears the bending,torsion,turning and braking,lifting cargo and discharging loads.The analysis results show that the stress of frame is small and likely to reduce the weight.But when the vehicle is over loaded and bears the torsion and braking forces,the partial stress of the frame exceeds the ultimate stress of the material.