孕产妇艾滋病病毒感染状况及流行病学特征

Status and epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection in pregnant women

目的:了解武汉地区孕产妇HIV感染状况和相关流行病学特征,探讨育龄期妇女和孕产妇感染HIV的重点人群和环节,指导今后母婴传播阻断工作。方法:用ELISA法检测武汉市产前医学检查孕妇或分娩产妇血浆的HIV抗体,将筛查阳性标本送艾滋病确认实验室诊断。结果:3年来,孕产妇HIV感染率为0.79/万,孕产妇主要通过性途径感染HIV,感染HIV的孕产妇文化程度和经济收入普遍较低,多为35岁以下的无职业流动妇女,早、中孕期筛出的孕妇更能积极配合母婴传播阻断工作。结论:武汉地区孕产妇HIV感染率处于低水平、小幅增长,今后,应加强HIV和母婴阻断相关知识宣教,将预防育龄妇女和孕妇HIV性传播放在首位,加强35岁以下低文化、低收入、无职业流动育龄妇女和孕产妇的管理,做到早发现、早诊断、早干预,最大限度减少胎儿HIV感染机会,提高出生人口素质。

Objective：To understand the status and epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection in pregnant women in Wuhan,explore the key population and links of HIV infection among women of childbearing age and pregnant women,direct the work of mother-to-child transmission blocking in future.Methods：Plasma HIV antibody of pregnant women and childbirth women was detected by ELISA,the positive samples were sent to AIDS identifying laboratory for diagnosis.Results：The infection rate of HIV in pregnant women was 7.9/10 000,HIV was infected by sexual transmission,the education level and income of infected pregnant women were low,and most of them were floating population without occupation and less than 35 years old,the infected pregnant women screened out during the first and second trimester pregnancy cooperated actively the work of mother-to-child transmission blocking.Conclusion：The infection rate of HIV in Wuhan is low,increasing slightly,the related propaganda and education of HIV and mother-to-child transmission blocking should be strengthened,the prevention of HIV in women of childbearing age and pregnant women should be put in the first place,the management of women of childbearing age and pregnant women less than 35 years old,low education level,low income and without occupation should be enhanced,early detection,diagnosis and intervention may reduce the opportunity of fetal HIV infection and improve birth population quality.