墓志所见唐代比丘尼与家人关系

Relationship of Tang Period Nuns with Their Families As Reflected from Epitaphs

唐代部分比丘尼并非像佛教教义宣传的那样真正出家,而是与其家人保持密切的联系,表现在:积极参与家庭事务,参加家庭成员的丧葬事宜,为家庭成员的亡灵造像祈福,死后回归本家坟茔等;家庭成员也同样参加比丘尼的丧事、为其修建灰身塔并撰写铭文等。可见,唐代部分比丘尼与家人的交往是双向的、互动的;她们一方面皈依佛教,另一方面又遵从儒家伦理,是唐代佛教在中国本土化的表现之一。

Some of Buddhist nuns were not all pravrajana as propagandized by Buddhism doxy in the Tang Dynasty, but remained close relation with their family. This can be reflected by many aspects as follows： positively participaitng in family affairs, joining in funeral things for family members, blessing for the deceased statues of family members, and returning their family＇ s cemeteries after death. Family members also participated in funeral things for Buddhist nuns, as well as built gray towers and wrote posies. It is obvious that the communication between Buddhist nuns and their family members was bidirectional. They converted Buddhism on the one hand, and abided by Confucianism on the other hand. This is one of the representations that Buddhism localized in China in the Tang Dynasty.