关于改善我国海员职业安全卫生状况的探讨

A study on Improving Seafarers' Safety and Occupational Health

重视和改善我国海员职业安全卫生状况，符合我国海员利益和国家利益，其改善应综合考虑“人—机—环境—管理”系统。本文由财产损失和人身伤害统计规律、人体生理节律和失效浴盘曲线，阐明遵守船上安全作业方法和控制疲劳对保障海员职业安全卫生的重要性。ＳＴＣＷ７８／９５有助于提高船员职业素质；ＩＳＭ规则和ＰＳＣ有助于强化安全的组织化管理；海运安全文化建设有助于转变观念，使既定素质的船员积极响应组织化管理，从而改善海员职业安全卫生状况。

The interests of Chinese seafarers and the nation require that importance be attached and improvement be made to the occupational safety and health situation of Chinese seafarers, for the purpose of which comprehensive consideration should be given to the system of “man-machine-environment-management”. This paper, based on the statistical results of loss of property and personal injuries, together with physical rhythm and failure basin curve, expounds the importance of safe operation on board and control of fatigue in protecting occupational safety and health of seafarers. The STCW78/95 helps to promote occupational qualification of seafarers; the ISM Code and the PSC are capable of strengthening organized management; marine safety culture construction facilities conception transform, which generates from seafarers active response to organized management and improves, consequently, seafarers' occupational safety and health situation.