脊柱脊髓开放性损伤15例

Treatment of 15 patients with open spinal cord injury

目的 探讨脊柱脊髓开放性损伤的临床特点、诊断和治疗.方法 15例脊柱脊髓开放损伤患者,男14例,女1例;年龄15～46岁,平均23岁.损伤部位：颈脊髓2例,胸脊髓11例,腰脊髓2例.刀刺伤12例,火器伤2例,木棍刺伤1例.术前按美国脊髓损伤学会（ASIA）分级：A级1例,B级2例,C级7例,D级4例,E级1例.4例伤口内有异物存留,合并棘突骨折3例,椎板骨折8例,椎体骨折5例.15例均行急诊手术清创,根据损伤具体情况,行椎管探查、血肿清除、异物取出术.结果 术后发生脑脊液漏2例;1例术后伤口感染,无脊髓感染;5例术后神经功有不同程度的恢复.术后ASIA分级：A级1例,B级0例,C级3例,D级10例,E级1例.结论 脊柱脊髓开放性损伤需在充分地术前准备下急诊手术治疗,术前应了解是否有异物存留,手术探查减压,有利于脊髓功能的恢复,减少污染、出血等并发症的发生.

Objective To study the clinical feature, diagnossis and therapy of open spinal cord injury. Methods A retrospective study was performed in 15 patients with open spinal cord injury including 14 males and one female, at age range of 15-46 years （mean 23 years）. There were two patients with open cervical spinal cord injury, 11 with open thoracic spinal cord injury and two with open lumbar spinal cord injury. Injury causes included sharp knife injury in 12 patients, firearm injury in two and stick stabbing in one. According to ASIA scale, there was one patient at Grade A, two at Grade B, seven at Grade C, four at Grade D and one at Grade E preoperatively. Foreign bodies were found in the wound in four patients. There were three patients combined with spinous process fracture, eight with vertebral plate fracture and five with vertebral body fractures. All 15 patients were treated by emergency management including vertical canal exploration, hematoma debridement or foreign body removal. Results Postoperative complications included cerebrospinal fluid leakage in two patients and wound infection （ without spinal cord infection） in one. There were different degrees of neural functional recovery in five patients. The post-operation ASIA scale： one patient at Grade A, three at Grade C, 10 at Grade D and one at Grade E,with no patient at Grade B. Conclusions For open spinal cord injury, emergency operation is necessary under adequate preoperative preparation. Preoperative identification of foreign bodies, exploration and decompression are beneficial to spinal cord function recovery and reduction of the incidence rate of postoperative complications like infection or hemorrhage.