施用堆肥对生菜品质和土壤生物活性及土壤肥力的影响

The Impact of Applying Compost on the Quality of Lettuce,Soil Biological Activity and Soil Fertility

研究了施用玉米秸秆堆肥对盆栽生菜的产量和品质、土壤微生物、土壤酶活性以及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,与不施肥对照和单施化肥相比,化肥与堆肥配施能够使生菜增产,提高VC和可溶性蛋白含量,改善品质;且施用堆肥或化肥与堆肥配施能够增加土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌的数量,提高土壤微生物多样性;同时施用堆肥能够显著增强土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和纤维素酶活性;另外,与单施化肥相比,化肥与堆肥配施有利于培肥土壤,提高土壤有机质、有效钾和有效磷含量,改善土壤酸度。经相关性分析后发现土壤有机质与土壤微生物、蔗糖酶以及过氧化氢酶之间呈显著正相关,有效磷与有效钾分别与微生物和纤维素酶活性呈显著正相关;说明土壤微生物和酶活性在一定程度上可反映土壤肥力水平。

A pot experiment planted with lettuce was conducted for investigating the impact of compost, made from corn straw, on yeild and quality of lettuce, soil microbial community, enzyme （urease, sucrase, catalase and cellulase） activities and soil fertility.Results showed that compost application could increase the yeild of lettuce, also the content of Vc and soluble protein were improved significantly.The numbers of soil bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were higher than those of the control and inorganic fertilizer treatment.The activities of enzymes （ urease, sucrase, catalase and cellulase） increased significantly in compost treatment compared with the control or inorganic fertilizer treatment.Also the soil organic matter, available P and K increased significantly, and the soil fertility was improved in compost treatment.Significant positive correlationships were found between soil organic matter and soil microbial, sucrase or catalase.Ferthermore, there were also significant positive correlationships between available P and soil micobail or catalase,respectively, available K with the same result.The results indicated that soil enzyme activities and microorganisms could be considered as indicators for soil fertility to some extent.